the men from Lið

iz.

1. reach; eskuaren \menean within a hand's reach; \men-\menean duzu you've got it at your very fingertips

b. possession, power; zure \menean dituzun ondasunak the possessions you have at your command; haien \menean erori zen he fell into their {grasp || clutches}

c. power, control; deabruaren \menetik ateratzeko in order to save him from the devil's grasp; bere \menera ekarriko du he'll bring him under his thumb | he'll come to dominate him; pairatu zen Pilatusen \menean he suffered under the command of Pilate; ez da bere \menean horren egitea (I) it is not within his {power || jurisdiction}

2. ( formaltasuna) propriety; \men-\menetik daki hori egiten he knows how to do that quite properly io.

1. obedient, compliant, yielding; seme \mena an obediant son; lehengo gurasoek gaur baino askoz \menago bazi zituzten euren umeak parents before used to raise their children to be more obedient than they do today

2. ( serioa) proper, seemly; gizon zuhur, zintzo, \menak proper, honest, and wise men

iz.

1. ( kinka larria) difficult moment; urgency, gravity, critical moment; orduan da \mena, orduan da mina, orduan da azken adina then comes the critical juncture, then the critical moment, then the final age

2. ( zoria, puntua) point, verge; menditik erortzeko \menean nengoen I was on the verge of falling off the mountain; dena erortzeko \menean dago everything's on the point of collapse

b. ( azkenekoa) end; Jainkoak on derizku, maite gaitu, Bere odolaz erosi gaitu, \men-\menean gaitezenean eztia zaigu falta God cares for us, He loves us, he has redeemed us with His blood, when we are at the very end we lack serenity

iz. ( beharra) need; hori ez da nehoren \men he is in need of no one; nehoren \men gabe without needing anyone; ez naiz haien \men I don't need them | I don't have any need for them

iz. ( zentzua) sense

* * *

* * *

I. (en) injury;

[ varig men] injury of a permanent character; permanent injury (el.

ill-effects);

[ endnu have men af] still be suffering from the after-effects of.

II. (et -ner) but;

[ jeg tænkte jo nok der var et men!] I thought there was a catch (el. snag) somewhere!

III. conj but;

[ men dog!] tut-tut! dear me!

General subject: naff (from Polari, a secret language of gay men in Britain in the middle of the 20th century)

n. [Dan. jordsmon], a sod, turf, Lat. caespes, Landn. 293 (in a verse), Eb. (in a verse); ganga undir jarðarmen: for the heathen rite of creeping under a sod partially detached from the earth and letting the blood mix with the mould, see Gísl. 11, Fbr. 6 new Ed.: as an ordeal, Ld. ch. 18: as a disgrace, similar to the Lat. jugum subire, Nj. 181, Vd. ch. 33.

from vaxa.

* * *

i. e. øx, f., gen. öxar, dat. and acc. öxi, pl. öxar, preserving the ö throughout; declined like heiðr, öx standing for öx-r; also spelt eyx and ex: in mod. usage declined like höfn, nom. öxi, gen. axar, dat. and acc. öx or öxi, pl. axir: [Goth. aqwisi; a word common to all Indo-European languages]:—an axe. Am. 39, Nj. 19, 70, Sturl. i. 63, Eg. 180, 183, Ld. 112, K. Þ. K. 170, and passim: öxar-egg, f., -skapt, n. the edge, haft of an axe, Sturl. ii. 91, Fms. vi. 212, Fær. 111: öxar-hamarr, m. the back of an axe, Nj. 253, Grág. ii. 14, Fær. 221: öxarhamars-högg, n. a blow with the back of an axe, Fms. ix. 469, Gþl. 177, Orkn., Lv. 86: öxar-hyrna, u, f. the hooked beak of an axe, such as a bill, halberd, or Lochaber-axe, Fær, 111, Fms. ii. 82, Lv. 82: öxar-stafr, m. a nickname, Lv. 86: öxar-talga, u, f. masonry, Stj.: öxa-tré, n., Sturl. i. 158: öxar-þæri, n., Grág., see þæri. The axe, rather than the sword, was the favourite national weapon of the old Norsemen and Danes, cp. the Nj.; Hel was the axe of king Magnus, and for various names of axes, see Edda (Gl.); breið-öx, bol-öx, hand-öx, tapar-öx, skegg-öx, tálg-öx, skar-öx; the ‘öx snaghyrnd’ or snaga (see p. 573) is prob. the same as the Scottish Lochaber-axe, see Sir Walter Scott, Waveriey, i. ch. 17, used for climbing walls, and compare the feat related in Fær. l. c., Eb. 310.

II. in local names, Öxar-á, f. the Axe water, in Icel., the origin of the name is told in Sturl. i. 202: Öxar-fjörðr, m. Axefirth, Landn.: Öxfirðingar, m. pl. the men from Axefirth, Nj. 219, 223: Öxarár-þing, n. the assembly at Öxará = alþingi, Jb.

1) long, of space and time (langt sverð, löng stund);

2) neut., langt, long, far, distant; þeir áttu eigi langt til eyjarinnar, they had no long distance to the island;

3) e-m er langt at e-m, one is interested in a person; hvat er yðr langt at þessum mönnum, what interest do you take in these men?;

4) long, wearisome (þér mun langt þykkja hér á heiðinni).

* * *

löng, langt, adj., compar. lengri, superl. lengstr, [common to all Teut. languages]:—long, of space and time; löng sverð, Fas. i. 379; af löngu skeggi, Skálda 181; lengri hina eptri fætr, Stj.; þóat sú sé lengri, N. G. L. i. 44; þeir lifa opt langan aldr er með orðum eru vegnir, a saying = Engl. words break no bones, Nj. 252; hann fékk eigi mælt tveim orðum lengra samfast, Hkr. ii. 138; Föstudagr inn langi, Long Friday, Good Friday, passim; langt líf, Hom. 12; mjök langa hríð, Nj. 94; þá er dagr er sem lengstr, þá er nótt er sem lengst, Landn. (pref.); vili þér þiggja lengra líf, Fms. vi. 166; sigr þinn mun eigi langr vera, xi. 23; höfum vér eigi heyrt þessa sögu lengri, we have not heard this story any farther, i. e. here ends the tale, Njarð. (fine); þat er löng saga at segja, ‘tis a long story to tell, Fms. xi. 99; seint er um langan veg at spyrja tíðenda, a saying, Edda 31; endi-langr, liggja endi-langr, to lie at full length; hón lagðisk sem hón var löng hjá honum, Karl. 47: long in prosody, Skálda 175, 179.

II. neut. long, far, distant; langt á milli fjalls ok fjöru, Landn. 57; ok áttu eigi langt til eyjarinnar, Fms. i. 41; langt í brott, a long way off, far away, Stj. 195; langt mun yðr flestum til at ér veiðit svá, Ó. H. 78; fljótið var svá mikit, at langt var um úreitt, that it was impassable far beyond that, Nj. 63; hann seildisk upp svá hátt sem hann mátti lengst, Edda 33; svá langt vestr, at engi hefir síðan lengra eignask, Landn. 41; lið kom vel til hans ór héruðum, en fátt kom um lengra, Fms. iv. 385; þvíat þeir ætluðu ekki lengra í kveld en til Höfðabrekku, Nj. 252; ok þurfti þar eigi lengra at grafa til vatns en í djúpum dölum, Edda (pref.); langt mun í milli vera lítilmennsku minnar ok þess hins mikla áhuga er þér býr í brjósti, Fms. iv. 80: in the saying, leita langt um skammt, cp. Lat. quod petis hic est, Nj. 207.

III. adverbial phrases; of langt, far off, þá sá hann of langt krossinn, 656 B. 5; langt frá, far from it! langt-um, by far; langtum betra, better by far.

2. löngu or laungu, long since; sá ek þetta löngu á hans yfirbragði, Fms. i. 141; svá sem ek sagða yðr löngu, 139; sem mér sagði löngu hugr um, Nj. 191; mjök löngu, very long ago, Sks. 117; seg oss ný tíðendi, löngu fundumsk vit næst, we have not seen one another for an age, Bjarn. 15: fyrir löngu, long ago; þat vissa ek fyrir löngu at ek var vel kvæntr, Gísl. 69; hann hafði tekinn verit ór jörðu fyrir löngu áðr, Fms. i. 51: löngum, long, mostly, continuously; Eirekr var löngum með föður sínum, 6; hón var löngum um nætr á kirkju at bænum sínum, Ld. 328; en þó löngum ( mostly) vel stiltr, Nj. 38; þeir vóru samflota, svá at hvárir vissu löngum til annarra, Eg. 126: compar. lengrum, longer; lengrum en lög stóðu til, Fms. xi. 99; þeir skolu skipta vikum eða smærum, ok eigu þeir at ráða er lengrum vilja skipta, Grág. ii. 350: superl. lengstum, mostly, most of the time; höfuðborg sú er Geira sat í lengstum, Fms. i. 101; hann var þó lengstum at Grjótá, Nj. 135; gamanmál er þit munut lengstum um tala, Ld. 306.

IV. metaph. longing, taking interest in; hvat er yðr langt at þessum mönnum, hvárt mægð eðr frændsemi, what interest take you in these men? Fms. ii. 211; hann lét eigi ráða, hvárt menn vóru tignir eða útignir, eðr honum mikit at langt eða lítið, Rb. 364.

2. neut. long, weary; langt þykki mér, ligg ek einn saman, Eg. (in a verse); þat vil ek, at þú komir til heimkynna minna, þvíat þér mun langt þykkja hér á heiðinni, Grett. 130 new Ed.

V. in many local names, Lang-ey, Langa-nes, Langa-hlíð, Langa-land (the Danish island), etc., Landn.; see below.

B. COMPDS: langabein, langabúr, langidjákn, Langafasta, Langifrjádagr, Langaspjót, langatöng.

II. lang-afi, a, m. a great grandfather. lang-amma, u, f. a great grandmother; langömmu-bróðir, -systir, a great granduncle, aunt. lang-áss, m. a purlin, opp. to þvertré, Fms. ix. 512. lang-bakki, a, m. (see bakki 2); in the phrase, skjóta í langbakka, to stave off for a long time, Fms. x. 132. lang-band, n. the purlin along the roof in a house. lang-barðr, m. a halberd, Hkm. 7; Edda (Gl.) reckons it amongst swords: name of a serpent, Edda (Gl.) Lang-barðar, m. pl. the Lombards, either from their beard (barð) or battle axe (barða), Skv. 3, Greg. 63. Langbarða-land, n. Lombardy, Mart. lang-bein, n. = langabein, a nickname, Ann. lang-bekkr, m. a long bench, bench lengthways, opp. to þverbekkr, Fms. vi. 193, Sturl. i. 142, iii. 182. Lang-brók, f. ‘Long-breek,’ nickname of a lady on account of her tall stature, Nj. lang-eldar, m. pl. long fires (see eldr II), Eb. 276, Nj. 15, Korm. 144. lang-ermar, f. pl. long sleeves, Fms. vii. 321. lang-feðgar, m. pl. agnate-forefathers, ancestors by the father’s side, counted upwards, Hkr. i. 1, Eg. 2, Nj. 158. langfeðga-kyn, n. the lineage of langfeðgar, Hkr. i. 14. langfeðga-nöfn, n. pl. the name of one’s langfeðgar, Edda 153 (pref.) langfeðga-tal, n. a tale or roll of langfeðgar, agnate pedigree, Eg. 536: the name of an old historical work containing ancient pedigrees of kings, Hkr. i. (pref.) langfeðga-tala, u, f. = langfeðgatal, Nj. 25. langfeðga-ætt, f. = langfeðgakyn, Fms. x. 158. lang-feðgin, n. pl. ancestors, agnate and cognate. lang-feðr, m. pl. = langfeðgar, and langfeðra-tal, n. = langfeðgatal, Gþl. 284, Stj. 331, Fagrsk. 151, Hom. 46. lang-feðri, n. = langfeðgar, Landn. 167. lang-ferð, f. a long journey, Sturl. ii. 185, Fs. 51, Bs. ii. 162. langferða-maðr, m. one who ‘fares’ far, a far traveller, Fs. lang-frami, a, m. lasting fame, Orkn. 466, Fb. ii. 513, Mar.; á langframann, mod. til langframa, adverb. for good, Rétt, 4. 25. lang-fættr, adj. long-legged, Stj. 276. lang-för, f. = langferð, Eb. 298. lang-gæði, n. long-lasting, corrupt from langæð. lang-gæðr and langæðligr, adj. a later and inferior form for langær, langæligr, Bs. i. 62, Fas. iii. 57. lang-háls, m. long-neck, a nickname, Landn. lang-hálsaðr, adj. long-necked, Njarð. 364. lang-hendr, adj. with long hands, Ld. 298. Lang-hlíðingar, m. pl. the men from Langahlíð, Sturl. lang-húfr, m. long-hulk, name of a ship, Bs. lang-húsa, að, to run, in a pun (langhús = rann), Krók. 63, 64. lang-hyggja, u, f. long-suffering, Barl. 42. lang-höfðaðr, adj. long-beaked, of a ship, Hkv. 1. 24. lang-höfði, a, m. a nickname, Sturl. lang-knakkr, m. a kind of bench, Finnb. 310. lang-lega, u, f. a long stay, of a weatherbound ship, Fms. ix. 296; as also of long sickness in bed. lang-leggr, m. the long leg, bone of a leg of mutton, Bárð. 176, Háv. 40. langleggjar-stykki, n. a leg of mutton, Háv. 40. lang-leiði, n. lengthwise; langleiði sín á milli, at a long distance, Stj. 73, Eg. 579. lang-leikr, m. length, Stj. 346. lang-leitr, adj. long-faced, Fms. i. 155, ii. 20, vii. 175, 321, Þiðr. 174, Bs. i. 72. lang-liðit, n. part. after a long time, Bs. ii. 133. lang-liga, adv. for a long time past, = mod. langalengi, Js. 24, Sturl. iii. 297, Fas. ii. 268. lang-lífi, n. long life, Fms. vii. 73, K. Þ. K. 60. lang-lífr, adj. long-lived, Fs., Fms. iii. 173. lang-loka, u, f. ‘long-lock,’ a kind of eight-lined verse in which the first and the last line make a sentence, whilst the six between them are intercalary, of which Edda (Ht.) 14 furnishes a specimen: in mod. usage langloka is a poem not divided into strophes, for specimens of which see Snót 72, 215. lang-lund, f. long-suffering, langlundar-geð, n. id. lang-minni, n. a long memory. lang-minnigr, adj. having a long memory, Nj. 30, v. l.: long to be remembered, Pr. 158. lang-mælgi, f. long-winded talk, Fms. v. 225. lang-mæli, n. long talk, Hom. 125, Bs. ii. 117. lang-mæltr, part. long-spoken, long-winded, Sks. 316, Hom. (St.) lang-nefjaðr, adj. long-nosed, Sturl. ii. 133, iii. 105. lang-nefjur, f. pl. rowlocks, Edda (Gl.) lang-nefr, m. long-nose, a nickname, Sturl. lang-niðjar, m. pl. a descending lineage by the father’s side, pedigree of agnates, counted downwards, Vsp. 16; opp. to landfeðgar when counted upwards in time. lang-nætti, n. the long night, Fr. lang-orf, n. a long handle of a scythe, Korm. 38, Sturl. i. 180, Sks. 358. lang-pallr, m. a dais along (not across) the hall, Fms. vi. 439. lang-reið, f. a long ride, Vígl. 61. lang-ræða, u, f. a long talk, Fms. ix. 252. lang-ræðr, part. long-spoken, long-winded, Sks. 316. lang-ræki, n. rancour, an unforgiving temper, N. G. L. ii. 417, Hom. 33, 143. lang-rækr, adj. having a long memory, brooding long over past wrongs, Anal. 171, Eb. 42, Bret. 92, Þiðr. 181, Fas. iii. 520. lang-samlega, adv. incessantly. lang-seta, u, f. a long stay, Vm. 113. lang-setis, adv. lengthways, lang-skepta, u, f. a long-shafted spear, Karl. 405. lang-skeptr, part. long-shafted, Sks. 388, Fs. 64. lang-skip, n. a long ship, a kind of large ancient ship of war, distinguished from the lesser skeið, both being distinguished from the merchant’s knörr (cp. Gr. ναυς μακρα, Lat. longa navis), Hkv. 2. 11, Ó. H., Fms. passim, Eg. 37, 42; langskips mastr, rá, segl, a mast, yard, sail of a long ship, Sturl. i. 194, Eg. 198, 515, Fms. vii. 30, passim. langskipa-görð, f. building of a langskip, Gþl. 121. langskips-búza, u, f. = langskip, Hkr. ii. 143. langskips-menn, m. pl. the crew of a long ship, Fms. ii. 16, Fs. 92. lang-skör, f. the lower hem of a tent, Fas. i. 372. lang-staðinn, part. of old date, long-standing, Lv. 77. lang-stóll, m. a long seat, Vm. 7, Fas. i. 84. lang-stræti, n. a long street, Fms. viii. 319. lang-sýnn, adj. far-sighted, Fas. i. 157. lang-sæi, f. a far sight, Edda i. 544. lang-sær, adj. long-sighted, prophetic, Lv. 81. lang-talaðr, part. long-spoken, Fms. i. 288. lang-úðigr, adj. = langrækinn, Hkr. iii. 252. lang-vari, a, m.; til langvara, to last long, Njarð. 376. lang-vaxinn, part. longish, Fms. ii. 59. lang-vé, mod. lang-vía, u, f. a bird, columbus troile, Edda (Gl.) lang-viðir, m. pl. the long timbers in a house or ship, N. G. L. i. 65, 100, Hom. 95. lang-viðri, n. pl. long-continued weather, heat, cold, or the like; langviðrum skal eyða grund, Mkv. 24; cp. Ísland eyðist af langviðrum ok lagaleysi, Ísl. Þjóðs. i. 438. lang-vinnr, adj. long-lasting, of sickness, bad weather, or the like. lang-vinr, m. a friend of long standing, Hm. 157, Fas. ii. 64, Bárð. 173; langvinirnir rjúfask sízt, a saying, Grett. 184 new Ed. lang-vist, f. a long abode, Hom. 9, Fr.: adv. langvistum, staying long, Fbr. 33, Fms. vii. 112, Eg. 227, Fs. 149. lang-vængr, m. long wing (?), Vm. 27. lang-þili, n. the wainscot lengthwise, opp. to þverþili, Gþl. 346. lang-æð, f. long-lasting; til langæðar eða fullnaðar, Bs. i. 740, Ant. 112. lang-æliga, adv. for a long time, Sturl. ii. 186, MS. 625. 77. lang-æligr, adj. long-lasting, Stj. 47, Fas. i. 171, Bs. i. 311. lang-ær, adj. [langr and æ = ever, or akin to Germ. ew, ewig], long-lasting; langætt musteri, MS. 677. 6: vegsama föður þinn ok móður, svá at þú sért langær yfir jörðinni, Stj. 301 (Fifth Commandment); hverr eldrinn mun vera heitari ok langærri, Fms. vii. 37; má vera at sigrinn verði ekki langær, ii. 10; at langær friðr standi í þessu landi, Bs. i. 572.

m; -(e)s, Böcke

1. (Ziegenbock) he-goat, billy goat; (Schafbock) ram; beim Kaninchen: buck; (Rehbock) (roe-) buck; (Gamsbock) (chamois) buck; ein kapitaler Bock Jägerspr. a large buck; fig. (Fehler) a real boob; Fehler bei einer Übersetzung etc.: a (real) howler; einen Bock schießen umg., fig. boob; (ins Fettnäpfchen treten) drop a clanger, put one’s foot in it; den Bock zum Gärtner machen fig. set the fox to keep the geese; die Böcke von den Schafen trennen oder scheiden fig. separate the wheat from the chaff ( oder the men from the boys); jetzt ist der Bock fett! umg., fig. that’s enough!, that’s the last straw!

2. umg., fig.: sturer Bock pej. stubborn old so-and-so ( oder git); ( geiler) alter Bock pej. (randy) old goat; ein steifer Bock sein pej. be (as) stiff as a poker ( oder board); einen Bock haben (bockig sein) be stubborn ( oder awkward); ihn stößt der Bock (bes. Kind) he is (being) stubborn ( oder difficult)

3. bes. Jugendspr. (Lust): null Bock! can’t be bothered!; ich hab keinen oder null Bock ( drauf) it doesn’t really grab me; etw. aus Bock tun do s.th. (just) for the fun of it; Böcke Sl. oder ( einen) Bock auf etw. (Akk) haben fancy (Am. feel like) doing s.th.

4. (Gestell) stand; (Hebebock) jack; (Sägebock) sawhorse

5. SPORT buck; Bock springen vault (over the buck); im Spiel: (play) leapfrog

6. (Kutschbock) box (seat)

7. ZOOL. Bockkäfer

—

n, m; -s, -; Bier: bock (type of strong beer); bitte zwei Bock two bocks please

* * *

(Gestell) stand; trestle;

(Rehbock) roebuck;

(Schafbock) ram;

(Turngerät) buck;

(Ziegenbock) he-goat; billy goat;

(männliches Tier) buck

* * *

m -(e)s, ordm;e

1) (= Rehbock, Kaninchenbock) buck; (= Schafsbock) ram; (= Ziegenbock) he-goat, billy goat

2) (inf = Trotz) stubbornness

3) (= Gestell) stand; (= Stützgerät) support; (für Auto) ramp; (aus Holzbalken, mit Beinen) trestle; (= Sägebock) sawhorse

4) (SPORT) vaulting horse

5) (= Schemel) (high) stool

6) (= Kutschbock) box (seat)

7) (= Ramme) (battering) ram

8) (sl = Lust, Spaß)

nt or m -s, -

* * *

1) (the male of the deer, hare, rabbit etc: a buck and a doe.) buck

2) (a piece of apparatus used for jumping, vaulting etc in a gymnasium.) horse

* * *

[bɔk, pl ˈbœkə]

1. ZOOL buck; (Schafsbock) ram; (Ziegenbock) billy-goat, he-goat

2. (fam) stubbornness no pl

einen \Bock haben (fam) to be awkward [or difficult], to play up fam

3. AUTO ramp

4. SPORT buck, [vaulting] horse

5. (Kutschbock) box

▶ alter \Bock (fam) old goat fam, old git sl

▶ die Böcke von den Schafen scheiden [o trennen] (fam) to separate the sheep from the goats

▶ den \Bock zum Gärtner machen (fam) to be asking for trouble

▶ geiler \Bock (fam) randy old goat fam, randy sod sl

▶ \Bock [auf etw akk] haben (sl) to fancy [sth] fam

wenn du \Bock hast, kannst du ja mitkommen if you fancy it, you can come with us

▶ \Bock haben, etw zu tun (sl) to fancy doing sth fam

▶ keinen \Bock [auf etw akk] haben (sl) to not fancy [sth]

▶ keinen \Bock haben, etw zu tun (sl) to not fancy doing sth fam

▶ null \Bock [auf etw akk] haben (sl) to be not in the mood [for sth] [or in no mood for sth]

sie hat null \Bock auf nichts she's just not in the mood for anything

▶ sturer \Bock (fam) stubborn sod sl

▶ einen [kapitalen] \Bock schießen (fam) to drop a [real] clanger fam, to [really] boob fam, to make a [real] boob fam

▶ stinken wie ein \Bock (fam) to really pong fam, to stink to high heaven fam

nt s. Bockbier

* * *

1) (RehBock, KaninchenBock) buck; (ZiegenBock) billy goat; he-goat; (SchafsBock) ram

2) (ugs.): (Schimpfwort)

3) (Gestell) trestle

4) (Turnen) buck

5) (KutschBock) box

* * *

Bock¹ m; -(e)s, Böcke

1. (Ziegenbock) he-goat, billy goat; (Schafbock) ram; beim Kaninchen: buck; (Rehbock) (roe-)buck; (Gamsbock) (chamois) buck;

ein kapitaler Bock JAGD a large buck; fig (Fehler) a real boob; Fehler bei einer Übersetzung etc: a (real) howler;

einen Bock schießen umg, fig boob; (ins Fettnäpfchen treten) drop a clanger, put one’s foot in it;

den Bock zum Gärtner machen fig set the fox to keep the geese;

die Böcke von den Schafen trennen oder

scheiden fig separate the wheat from the chaff ( oder the men from the boys);

jetzt ist der Bock fett! umg, fig that’s enough!, that’s the last straw!

2. umg, fig:

sturer Bock pej stubborn old so-and-so ( oder git);

(geiler) alter Bock pej (randy) old goat;

ein steifer Bock sein pej be (as) stiff as a poker ( oder board);

einen Bock haben (bockig sein) be stubborn ( oder awkward);

ihn stößt der Bock (besonders Kind) he is (being) stubborn ( oder difficult)

3. besonders jugendspr (Lust):

null Bock! can’t be bothered!;

ich hab keinen oder

null Bock (drauf) it doesn’t really grab me;

etwas aus Bock tun do sth (just) for the fun of it;

Böcke sl oder

(einen) Bock auf etwas (akk)

haben fancy (US feel like) doing sth

4. (Gestell) stand; (Hebebock) jack; (Sägebock) sawhorse

5. SPORT buck;

Bock springen vault (over the buck); im Spiel: (play) leapfrog

6. (Kutschbock) box (seat)

7. ZOOL → Bockkäfer

Bock² n/m; -s, -; Bier: bock (type of strong beer);

bitte zwei Bock two bocks please

* * *

1) (RehBock, KaninchenBock) buck; (ZiegenBock) billy goat; he-goat; (SchafsBock) ram

2) (ugs.): (Schimpfwort)

3) (Gestell) trestle

4) (Turnen) buck

5) (KutschBock) box

* * *

trestle n. ¨-e m.

buck n.

horse n.

trestle n.

vaulting horse n.

(gen. dals, dat. dal or dali, pl. dalar or dalir), m. dale, valley (djúpir dalir).

* * *

s, m., old pl. dalar, acc. dala, Vsp. 19, 42, Hkv. i. 46; the Sturl. C still uses the phrase, vestr í Dala; the mod. form (but also used in old writers) is dalir, acc. dali, Hkv. Hjörv. 28; old dat. sing. dali, Hallr í Haukadali, Íb. 14, 17; í Þjórsárdali, í Örnólfsdali, 8, Hbl. 17; mod. dal; dali became obsolete even in old writers, except the earliest, as Ari: [Ulf. dals = φάραγξ, Luke iii. 10, and βόθυνον, vi. 39; A. S. dæl; Engl. dale; Germ. tal ( thal); cp. also Goth. dalaþ = κάτω, and dala above; up og dal, up hill and down dale, is an old Dan. phrase]:—a dale; allit. phrase, djúpir dalir, deep dales, Hbl. l. c.; dali döggótta, bedewed dales, Hkv. l. c.; the proverbial saying, láta dal mæta hóli, let dale meet hill, ‘diamond cut diamond,’ Ld. 134, Fms. iv. 225: dalr is used of a dent or hole in a skull, dalr er í hnakka, Fas. iii. l. c. (in a verse): the word is much used in local names, Fagri-dalr, Fair-dale; Breið-dalr, Broad-dale; Djúpi-dalr, Deep-dale; Þver-dalr, Cross-dale; Langi-dalr, Lang-dale; Jökul-dalr, Glacier-dale, (cp. Langdale, Borrodale. Wensleydale, etc. in North. E.); ‘Dale’ is a freq. name of dale counties, Breiðatjarðar-dalir, or Dalir simply, Landn.: Icel. speak of Dala-menn, ‘Dales-men’ (as in Engl. lake district); dala-fífl, a dale-fool, one brought up in a mean or despised dale, Fas. iii. 1 sqq.: the parts of a dale are distinguished, dals-botn, the bottom of a dale, ii. 19; dals-öxl, the shoulder of a dale; dals-brún, the brow, edge of a dale; dals-hlíðar, the sides, slopes of a dale; dala-drög, n. pl. the head of a dale; dals-mynni, the mouth of a dale, Fms. viii. 57; dals-barmr, the ‘dale-rim,’ = dals-brún; dals-eyrar, the gravel beds spread by a stream over a dale, etc.:—in poetry, snakes are called dale-fishes, dal-reyðr, dal-fiskr, dal-ginna, etc., Lex. Poët. [It is interesting to notice that patronymic words derived from ‘dale’ are not formed with an e (vowel change of a), but an œ, æ (vowel change of ó), Lax-dœlir, Vatns-dœlir, Hauk-dœlir, Hit-dœlir, Sýr-dœll, Svarf-dœlir …, the men from Lax(ár)dalr, Vatnsdal, Haukadal, Hitardal, etc.; cp. the mod. Norse Dölen = man from a dale; this points to an obsolete root word analogous to ala, ól, bati, bót; vide the glossaries of names to the Sagas, esp. that to the Landn.]

II. a dollar (mod.) = Germ. Joachims-thaler, Joachims-thal being the place where the first dollars were coined.

m. pl. the men from Sogn (in western Norway).

* * *

m. pl. the men from Sogn, a county and firth in Norway, Orkn. 214, Fms.; Sygna-fylki, the county of Sogn, x. 168; Sygna-kappi -kjúka, -trausti, a nickname, Landn., Gísl., Fb. iii; Sygna-ræsir, the king of Sygnir, i. e. the Norse king, Hallfred: Sygnskr, adj. from Sogn, Fms.

(-s, -ar), m.

1) sand (Auðr var grafin í sand, þar sem flœðr gekk yfir); kasta sandi í augu e-m, to throw dust in one’s eyes;

2) the sea-shore (skip kom at sandi);

3) in pl. sandy ground, sand-banks, sands.

* * *

m. [common to all Teut. languages, except that Ulf. renders ἄμμος by malma]:—sand; sandr né sær, Vsp. 3; sandi orpinn, Grág. i. 354; sandi ausinn, Orkn. (in a verse); fúna í sandi, Ó. H. 229; Auðr var grafin í sand þar sem flæðr gékk yfir, Fms. i. 248: the phrase, kasta sandi í augu e-m, to throw dust in one’s eyes. Band. (in a verse):—the sea-shore, skip koma at sandi, Hkv. 1. 48; lítilla sanda, Hm.; á sandinum, fyrir sandi, reka upp í sand, and so on, freq. in old and mod. usage; fjöru-sandr, beach sand; ægi-sandr, q. v.:—also of the sand from volcanoes, eldr kom upp ór Heklu-felli … bar norðr yfir landit sand svá þykkvan … meðan niðr rigndi sandinum, … huldi svá alla jörðina af sandinum, annan dag eptir fauk svá sandrinn, at …, Bs.i. 804, passim.

2. in plur. sand-banks, sandy ground; eru þar smáir sandar allt með sjó, Eg. 141; sandar, öraefi ok brim, Hkr. i. 229; riðu þeir austr yfir sanda, Nj. 114; um sandana víða, Fs. 157:—poët. the sea is called sand-himinn, sand-men, sand-heimr, Lex. Poët.

II. freq. in local names, Sandr and Sandar, Sand-á, Sand-fell, Sand-nes, Sand-brekka, Sand-dalr, Sand-eyrr, Sand-gil, Sand-hólar, Sand-lækr, Sand-vík; whence Sand-fellingar, -víkingar, m. pl.the men from S.: Sandhóla-ferja, u, f. the ferry of S., Landn. ☞ Gen. sands and sanns (Lat. veri) are sounded alike, hence the pun or riddle, Mart er smátt í vetling manns, | gettu sanns ( guess sand or guess right), þó þú verðir í allan dag þá geturð’ aldrei hans.

B. COMPDS: sandbakki, sandbára, sandbrekka, sandfall, sandfönn, sandhaf, sandhafri, sandhóll, sandhverfa, sandklyptir, sandkorn, sandkváma, Sandleið, sandló, sandlægja, sandmelr, sandmigr, sandmöl, sandsíli, sandstör, sandsumar, sandtorfa, sandvíðir, sandþúfa.

(-s, -ar), m.

1) freebooter, sea-rover, pirate, viking (Flóki Vilgerðarson hét maðr, hann var v. mikill);

2) in later times, robber, highwayman.

* * *

m. a freebooter, rover, pirate, but in the Icel. Sagas used specially of the bands of Scandinavian warriors, who during the 9th and 10th centuries harried the British Isles and Normandy: the word is peculiarly Norse, for although it occurs in A. S. in the poem Byrnoth (six or seven times), it is there evidently to be regarded as a Norse word; and prob. so too in the poem ‘Exodus,’ in the words rondas bærun sæwicingas, over saltne mere; lastly, in ‘Widsith,’ as the name of a people, and Liðvicingas (= Liðungar? q. v.) The word ‘víkingr’ is thought to be derived from vík ( a bay), from their haunting the bays, creeks, and fjords;—or it means ‘the men from the fjords,’ the coincidence that the old Irish called the Norsemen ‘Lochlannoch.’ and Norway ‘Lochlan,’ is curious.

B. A few selected references will illustrate the word:—Naddoddr hét maðr, hann var víkingr mikill, Landn. 26; Flóki Vilgerðarson hét maðr, hann var v. mikill, 28; slógusk í Eyjarnar víkingar ok herjuðu ok ræntu víða, 41; Úlfr víkingr ok Ólafr bekkr fóru samskipa til Íslands, 202; en er þeir lágu til hafs kómu at þeim víkingar ok vildu ræna þá, en Gautr laust stafnbúann þeirra við hjálmun-veli, ok lögðu víkingar við þat frá, siðan var hann kallaðr Hjálmun-gautr, 223; Hrafn hafnar-lykkill var víkingr mikill, hann fór til Íslands ok nam land …, 269; Ölvir barna-karl hét maðr ágætr í Noregi, hann var víkingr mikill, hann lét eigi henda börn á spjóta-oddum sem þá var víkingum títt, því var hann barna-karl kallaðr, 308; maðr hét Þorsteinn, gamall maðr ok sjónlítill, hann hafði verit rauða-víkingr (q. v.) í æsku sinni, Þorst. S.; Þorkell miðlangr, hann er rauðr víkingr ok í missætti við Hákon jarl, Fms. xi. 121; her-víkingr, a pirate, i. 225 (p. 259); víkings efni, víkinga höfðingi, konungr, Eg. 190, Fms. vi. 389, Fas. ii. 132; víkinga lið, Stj.; víkinga skip, skeið, snekkja, Hkr. i. 296, Korm. 236, Fms. i. 289; víkinga bæli, Eg. 251; víkinga rán, Fms. vi. 291; Bera kvað Egil vera víkings-efni … þegar hann hefði aldr til ok honum væri fengin herskip, Eg. 190 (and the following verse—þat mælti mín móðir, at mér skyldi kaupa fley ok fagrar árar, fara í hring með víkingum …); af Gizori má göra þrjá menn, hann má vera víkinga höfðingi …, þá má hann ok vera konungr …, með þriðja hætti má hann vera biskup, ok er hann bezt til þess fallinn af þessum þremr, Fms. vi. 389: on Swed. Runic stones, sá var víkinga-vörðr með Gauti, Baut. 267; allir víkingar, Brocm. 197. Of old poems the Hkv. Hund. well illustrates the life and warfare of Vikings of the 9th and 10th centuries, where also the word itself occurs (verpr vígroða um víkinga); as also vinr víkinga, in the song in Hervar. S.; víkingr Dana, Helr. 11; the saying, víkingar fara ekki at lögum.

2. in after times the word fell into discredit, and is used, esp. in eccl. legends, as = robber, being applied by a misnomer even to highwaymen, Stj. passim; víkingsins Alexandri, Al. 98; Besso þeim vánda víkingi, 122; víkinga dráp, Grett. 100; þessum vansignaða víkingi, Stj. 463 (of Goliath), so in Grág. ii. 136; or even in the Landn., Þorbjörn bitra hét maðr, hann var v. ok íllmenni, 159. For the laws of the ancient Vikings, their discipline and manners, see esp. Hálfs S. ch. 10, Jómsvík. ch. 24 (Fms. xi), Flóam. S. ch. 2, Vd. ch. 2, Yngl. S. ch. 34, 41, Eg. ch. 48, Ó. T. (Hkr.) ch. 101, 102, Ó. H. ch. 21, the Orkn. S. (Sweyn Asleifson) ch. 115, Þorvalds S. Víðf. ch. 1 (Bs. i. 36, 37): records of their wars and voyages, the Landn. passim, the first chapters of Eg., Eb., Ld., Grett., Orkn., Hkr. i. passim.

II. Víkingr, a pr. name, Landn. and several times on the Swed. Runic stones; cp. Súð-víkingr, a man from Súðavík, Bs.

(gen. -s, dat. jókli; pl. jöklar), m.

1) icicle (hann gekk inn í sal, glumdu jöklar);

2) ice (vatnit snýst í jökul);

3) glacier.

* * *

m., dat. jökli, pl. jöklar, prop. a dimin. from jaki, q. v.; [A. S. gicel, i. e. îs-gicel, whence Engl. icicle; Low Germ. jokel]:—an icicle; gékk inn í sal, glumdu jöklar, var karls er kom kinnskógr frörinn, Hým. 10, of the icicles in the giant’s beard; síðan tóku þeir jöklana ok bræddu, Fms. ix. 155: so also in poët. phrases, where silver is called jökull handar or mund-jökull, the icicle of the hand, Hallfred, Lex. Poët.: as also böðvar-j., the war-icicle = the sword, or sár-j., the wound-icicle, see Lex. Poët.

II. a metaph. sense, ice, gener.; vatnið snýsk í jökul, Sks. 196; settu þeir þat upp með öllum sjánum sem í var ok jöklinum, en þat var mjök sýlt, i. e. they launched the ship with all the ice in it, Grett. 125: snjór ok jökull, Sks. jökla-gangr, m. an ice-drift, Grett. 132 new Ed.

2. in specific Icel. sense, a glacier; this sense the Icelanders probably derived from the Norse county Hardanger, which is the only county of Norway in which Jökul appears as a local name, see Munch’s Norg. Beskr.; in Icel. it is used all over the country both as an appellative and in local names, whereas the primitive sense ( icicle) is quite lost, Fs., Fb., Eg. 133, Nj. 208, passim.

3. in local names, Ball-jökull, Eyjafjalla-j., Snæfells-j., Vatna-j., Mýrdals-j., Öræfa-j., Dranga-j., Langi-j., Eireks-j., etc., see the map of Icel.; the glaciers of the Icel. colony in Greenland are also called jökuls: of rivers, Jökuls-á, f. Ice-water; Jökuls-dalr, m. Ice-water-dale; Jökla-menn, m. pl. the men from the county Jökul (i. e. Snæfells-jökull), Sturl. ii. 158; Jöklamanna-búð and goðorð, see búð and goðorð.

m. Olave, an old and favourite pr. name; the oldest form seems to have been Áleifr, from Anleifr, as seen from rhymes, e. g. Áleifr is made to rhyme with reifum, kleif, or the like, Hallfred passim; and, on the other hand, Áláfr with stála, hála, Eg. (in a verse), Fms. vi. (in a verse): then the ei was changed into á, Áláfar frið gálu, Sighvat: then the initial á into ó, and Óláfr is made to rhyme with sól in a poem of the end of the 11th century: lastly, the medial á into a, Ólafr. This Norse name is rendered by Anlâf in the Saxon Chron., and by Amlabh in the Irish Chroniclers; thus Righ Amlabh = king Olave the White in Dublin, see pref. p. iv: in local names, Ólafs-dalr, -fjörðr, -vík, Landn.: Ólafs-dælir, m. pl. the men from Olave-dale, Gullþ. The answering fem. pr. name is Álöf (the still older Áleif, qs. Anleif, is not recorded), mod. Ólöf, Landn.

2. compds referring to St. Olave; Ólafs-gildi, -kirkja, -messa, -dagr, -vaka, = St. Olave’s guild, church, mass, day, vigil, Sturl. i. 23, ii. 99, Vm. 24, Fms. ix. 8, 341, x. 14; Ólafs korn, sáð, skot, tollr, a tithe in corn to St. Olave, N. G. L. i. 142, 346, 460; Ólafs minni, see minni, ii. 445; Ólafs Saga, St. Olave’s Saga, Vm. 20; Ólafs skript, 21; Ólafs súð, the name of a ship, Ann. 1360. (St. Olave’s Church, Bridge, etc., still exist in London, Norfolk, and Suffolk.)

1) shaft, missile; skjóta skapti í móti e-m, to shoot a shaft against, to withstand;

2) handle, haft, of an axe, hammer; shaft, pole of a spear (cf. hamarskapt, øxarskapt, spjótskapt);

3) a shaft-shaped thing, e. g. a comet’s tail, the beam in a weaver’s loom, a peak on a helmet.

* * *

n., or better skaft, [A. S. sceaft; Engl. shaft; Dan. skaft; from skafa]:—prop. a ‘shaved stick,’ a shaft, missile, Hm. 127; skapti réttara, Gsp., Darr. 3, Gm. 9, Rm. 34, Fas. i. 173; this original sense is obsolete in prose (for Fas. i. 173 is a paraphrase from a lost poem), except in the metaph. and allit. phrase, skjóta skapti, Stj. 644, Odd. 22, El. 103; skjóta skapti í móti e-m, to shoot a shaft against, to withstand(cp. reisa rönd við e-m); at engi maðr mundi skapti skjóta í móti honum, Fms. vii. 210, xi. 344, Ld. 214; as also in the law phrase, skipta jörðu með skapti, to measure land with a spear, Gþl. 286.

2. of a shaft-shapen thing, a comet’s tail, Fms. ix. 482: the beam in a weaver’s loom, Darr. 2; skaptið upp af hettinum, of a high-raised hood, Karl. 178, 286: the shaft by which a top is spun, in skapt-kringla: the phrase, sýnisk mér sem hann muni ekki þar lengi gengit hafa skapta muninn, Lv. 35.

3. a handle, haft, of an axe, hammer, knife, the shaft or pole of a spear or the like; var skaptið (of an axe), svart af reyk, Eg. 183: of a spear-shaft, K. Þ. K. 96; hafði Ólafr skaptið ( the pole) en Hrappr spjótið (the spear’s head), Ld. 98; sviðu … járnvafit skaptið, Sturl. i. 63; this is the common Icel. sense of the word.

II. in local names, Skapt-á, Shaft-river, [cp. the Scot. and Engl. name Shafto]; whence Skaptár-fell (sounded Skapta-fell, cp. Shap-fell in Westmoreland); Skaptar-fells-þing (sounded Skapta-fells-þing); whence Skapt-fellingar, m. pl. the men from S., Landn.; Skaptár-jökull, Skaptár-fells-jökull. 2. Skapti, a shaft-maker (?), as a nickname, and since as a pr. name, Landn.

m. cooking-fire (tóku eld ok gerðu seyði); búa til seyðis, to make ready for cooking.

* * *

m. [sjóða; cp. A. S. seâd; mid. H. G. sôt = a pit], a cooking-fire, prop. the fire-pit, as seen from the passage in Landn.; as also from the phrase, raufa seyðinn, to break up the seyði; en er þeir hyggja at soðit mun vera raufa þeir seyðinn, ok var ekki soðit, id.; hence metaph., þann seyði raufar þú þar, at betri væri at eigi ryki, to rip up old sores, Ld. 208; varðar eigi þótt sá seyðr rjúki, never mind, let that fire smoke. Fms. vi. 105; þar sér hrófit ok svá seyði þeirra, Landn. 30; in the Edda (Gl.) seyðir is among the synonyms of fire; hann kvaðsk ráða því er ekki soðnaði á seyðinum, Edda 45; bera oxa á seyði, to put an ox on the fire, roast it, Hým. 15; göra seyði, to make a fire for cooking, Eg. 222; búa til seyðis, to make ready for the roasting-fire, Nj. 199; þeir taka einn oxann ok snúa til seyðis, Edda 45: in local names, Seyðis-fjörðr or Seyðar-fjörðr, in eastern Icel.; whence Seyðfirðingar, m. pl. the men from S., Landn.

1) triangle, point of land;

2) odd number; fig., standast (skerast) í odda, to be at odds, at variance.

* * *

a, m. a triangle, a point or tongue of land, Landn. 294, v. l.; vaxinn með þremr oddum, Fms. x. 272.

II. metaph. from the triangle, an odd number, opp. to even; ein er bæn, eða þrjár, fimm, eða sjau, því er bæna tal í odda, en eigi í jafna tölu, at sú tala er í odda er, merkir eining, ok má eigi deila í tvá hluti jafna, 625. 187: hence the metaph. phrase, standask í odda, to be at odds (Shakesp.), quarrelling; stóðsk allt í odda með þeim Þormóði ok Gesti, Fb. ii. 204 (skarsk í odda, Fbr. 81 new Ed. less correct); hefir nú ok í odda staðizk með oss um hríð, Ísl. ii. 180.

III. freq. in local names, of a tongue of land; Oddi, Odda-staðr, whence Odda-verjar, m. pl. the men from Oddi:—as a pr. name, Oddi, Stjörnu-Oddi = star-Oddi, Oddi the astronomer, an Icelander of the 12th century skilled in astronomy, from whom proceeded the computation called Odda-tal, n. the calculus of Oddi, Rb. 6.

COMPDS: oddamaðr, oddatala.

* * *

(gen. vatris or vatz), n.

1) water, fresh water (spratt þar vatn upp); sól gengr at vatni, the sun sets in the sea;

2) fears (vatnit for niðr eptir kjálkanum á honum); halda vatni, to forbear weeping;

3) lake (Mjörs er svá mikit vatn, at líkara er sjó);

4) pl., vötn, large rivers (hnigu heilög vötn af Himin-fjöllum).

* * *

n., pl. vötn; vant occurs in N. G. L. i. 363: the gen. sing. is, agreeably with the pronunciation, in old vellums invariably spelt vatz or vaz, vazt, Clem. 148, l. 32; the mod. sound is vass; in the Editions, however, the etymological form vatns has mostly been restored; all the South Teut. languages use a form with an r. The form vatr only occurs in two instances, perhaps used only for the rhyme’s sake, in hvatr vátri, a poem of the beginning of the 12th century; and hélt und vatr enn vitri, Sighvat; but vatn vitni in another verse cf the same poet: [A. S. wæter; Engl. and Dutch water; Hel. watar; O. H. G. wazar; Germ. wasser; cp. Gr. υδατ-ος; Lat. udus: on the other hand, Icel. vatn; Swed. vatten; Dan. vand, qs. vadn.]

A. Water, fresh water; jörð, vatn, lopt, eldr, Eluc. 19; spratt þar vatn upp, Edda (pref.); blóð ok vatn, Rb. 334; grafa til vatz, Edda (pref.); taka vatn upp at sínum hluta, Vm. 168; þá er vötnin vóru sköpuð, 655. 1; drepa í vatn eða hella á vatni, K. Þ. K.; ef vatn er svá mikit at þar má barn í hylja, N. G. L. i. 363.

2. phrases; ausa vatni, to besprinkle infants with water, see ausa I. 2. β; to which add, þar stendr þú, Özorr, kvað Helgi, ok mun ek ekki við þér sjá, þvíat þú jóst mik vatni, Dropl. 25; mærin var vatni ausin ok þetta nafn gefit, Nj. 25: ganga til vatns, to go to the water, to go to the ‘trapiza,’ q. v., of washing before meals, Ld. 296: þá er sól gengr at vatni. when the sun goes into the water, sets in the sea, K. Þ. K. 96; sér ekki högg á vatni, a blow in the water is not seen, of a useless effort: á vatni, afloat, Fas. ii. 532; svá skjótt, at ekki tók á vatni, Fms. vii. 344.

3. of tears; halda ekki vatni, could not forbear weeping, Fms. vi. 236 (in a verse), viii. 232.

II. a lake; [cp. North. E. Derwent-water, etc.]; uppí vatnið Væni, Fms. vi. 333; lét flytja sik út í vatn eitt, ok leyndisk þar í hólma nökkurum, i. 66; er í norðanverðum flóanum vatn þat er nes liggr í, Ísl. ii. 345; til vatz þess er Á en Helga fellr ór, Ó. H. 163; sjór eða vatn, a sea or lake, Edda.

III. streams, waters, esp. in plur. of large streams; hnigu heilög vötn af Himin-fjöllum, Hkv. 1. 1; þaðan eigu vötn öll vega, Gm.; þar er djúpt vatn ( deep water) er umhverfis, Grág. ii. 131; geysask vötn at þeim með forsfalli … vötnin flutu um völluna alla, Ó. H. 164; brúar um ár eða vötn, Grág. i. 149; vötn þau er ór jöklum höfðu fallit, Eg. 133; fjörðr sá er flóir allr af vötnum, Fs. 26; en nú falla vötn öll til Dýrafjarðar, Gísl. 20; fóru þar til er vötn hnigu til vestr-ættar af fjöllum, Orkn. 4.

IV. in local names, Vatn, Vatna-hverfi, Vatns-lausa, Vatns-á, Vatns-dalr, Vatns-endi, Vatns-fell, Vatns-fjörðr, Vatns-nes, Vatns-horn, Vatns-skarð, etc., Landn.; Vatns-dælir, Vatns-firðingar, the men from Vatnsfjörðr, Vatnsdalr, id., Sturl.: of lakes, Gríms-vötn, Fiski-vötn, Elliða-vatn, Mý-vatn, Ólvus-vatn, Landn., map of Icel.; more seldom of rivers, as Héraðsvötn in north of Icel.: Vatns-dælskr, adj. from Vatnsdalr, Finnb. 334, Ísl. ii. 335; Vatnsfirðinga-kyn, -búð, Nj. 248, Ld. 120 (see búð).

B. COMPDS, with gen. vatna-, vatns-, in vellums vatz-, vaz-: vatns-agi, a, m. dampness. vatns-bakki, a, m. a bank, shore of a water or lake, Grág. ii. 355, Jb. 315, Fms. viii. 32, Fas. i. 360. vatns-beri, a, m. the water-bearer, Aquarius in the zodiac, Rb. vatns-blandaðr, part. mixed with water. vatns-bolli, a, m. a water-jug, Am. 35. vatns-borinn, part. mixed with water. vatns-botn, m. the foot of a lake, Hrafn, 11, Fms. ix. 367. vatns-ból, n. a watering-place, well, where drinking-water is drawn. vatns-bóla, u, f. a water-bubble, vatns-bragð, n. a taste of water. vatns-burðr, m. carrying water, Bs. i. vatns-dauði, a, m. water-death, death by drowning in fresh water. vatna-djúp, n. a water-deep, abyss, Skálda 209. vatns-dropi, a, m. a drop of water, Stj. 154. vatns-drykkr, m. a drink of water, Stj. 150, 581, Edda 24. vatns-dæld, f. a watery hollow. vatns-endi, a, m. the end of a lake, Fms. ix. 406. vatns-fall, n. a stream, river; lítið vatnsfall, a small river, Eg. 134, v. l.: of rain, vindr ok vatnsfall, Art. 85. vatns-farvegr, m. a ‘water’s fairway,’ the bed of a river, Grág. ii. 291. vatns-fata, u, f. a water-pail, Fb. i. 258, O. H. L. ch. 96. vatna-flaumr, m. [Norse vand-flom], a water-flood, swell of water, D. N. vi. 148. vatns-flóð, n. water-flood. vatna-gangr, m. a flood, Stj. 59, Grág. i. 219, Landn. 251: a fall of rain, = vatnfall, veðrátta ok v., Grett. 24 new Ed. vatns-heldr, adj. water-tight. vatns-hestr, m. = nykr, q. v., Landn. 93, v. l.; but vatna-hestr, m. a good horse to cross rivers. vatna-hlaup, n. floods, a rushing forth of waters, Landn. 250. vatns-horn, n. a water-horn, a vessel for holy water in church, Pm. 6: the end or angle of a lake, and as a local name, Ld., Landn. vatns-hríð, f. a storm, Ann. 1336 C. vatns-íss, m. ice on a lake, Stj. 510, Fms. viii. 398, ix. 367. vatns-kanna, u, f. a water-can, Vm. 86. vatns-karl, m. a water-can shaped like a man; vatnskarl til vígðs vatns, Vm. 21; vatnskarl ok munnlaug, Fb. i. 359, D. N. iv. 457. vatns-ker, n. a water-jug, Stj. vatns-kerald, n. = vatnsker, Fms. i. 127, Vm. 21, Jb. 409, vatns-ketill, m. a water-kettle, Vm. 21, 114, B. K. 83. vatns-kottr, m. a water-insect, in foul pools. vatns-lauss, adj. waterless, without water, Barl. 196. vatns-leysi, n. lack of water. vatns-litr, m. water-colour, Rb. 336. vatns-megin, n. fulness of water. vatns-mikill, adj. swelling with water, of a river. vatns-minni, n. the inlet of a lake, Fms. ix. 394. vatns-munnlaug, f. a water hand-basin, Pm. 60. vatns-ósa, adj. soaked with water. vatns-óss, m. the mouth of a lake connected with the sea, Landn. 207. vatns-rás, f. a trench, water-course, Bs. i. 148, Stj. 593. vatns-sár, m. a font, Vm. 110, N. G. L. i. 327. vatns-skál, f. a water-jug, D. N. vatns-skírn, f. baptism in water, Barl. 116, 144 (vatnz-skírn). vatns-skortr, m. lack of water, Barl. 196. vatns-sótt, f water-sickness, dropsy, medic., Post. vatns-steinn, m. a font of stone, Vm. 110. vatns-strönd, f. the bank of a lake, Fms. viii. 32, MS. 623. 33, Vkv. (prose, vaz-strouds). vatns-stökkull, m. a watering-pot, a vessel or brush for sprinkling water, Bs. i. 464. vatns-tjörn, f. a ‘water-tarn,’ pool, Sks. 682. vatna-tunna, u, f. a water-tub. vatns-uppspretta, u, f. a jet of water, Stj. 646. vatns-veita, u, f. a drain, trench, aqueduct, Grág. ii. 289. vatns-veiting, f. a draining. vatns-vetr, m. a winter of floods, Ann. 1191 C. vatns-vígsla, u, f. consecration of water, Bs. i. 97. vatns-vík, f. a creek in a lake, Fms. viii. 67. vatna-vöxtr, m. ‘water-growth,’ a flood, Bs. i. 138, Grett. 133 A, D. N. ii. 35, passim. vatna-þytr, m. the thud, sound of falling waters, Skálda. vatns-æðr, f. a vein of water, Stj. 29, 205.

C. REAL COMPDS, with the root word vatn- prefixed: vatn-bátr, m. a lake-boat, Jb. 410 B. vatn-beri, a, m. = vatnsberi, Rb. (1812) 65, 66. vatn-dauðr, adj. drowned in fresh water, Grág. i. 223. vatn-dragari, a, m. a drawer of water, Stj. 358. vatn-dragi, a, m. id., Fas. iii. 21 (in a verse). vatn-dýr, n. water-animals, Al. 167. vatn-fall, n. a waterfall, stream; vatnföll deilir: a torrent, stream, í bráða-þeyjum var þar vatnfall mikit, a great torrent, Eg. 766; lítið v., 134; var v. þat fullt af fiskum, Fms. i. 253; svá mikit v. sem áin Níð er, v. 182; deilir norðr vatnföllum til héraða, Ísl. ii. 345; er vatnföll deila til sjóvar, Eg. 131, Grág. i. 440; með öllum vatnföllum, Nj. 265: of rain, fyrir vatnfalli ok regni, Gullþ. 8; vatnfall fylgði hér svá mikit ór lopti, torrents of rain, Gísl. 105, Fms. x. 250. vatn-fátt, n. adj. short of water, Landn. 34, Fms. ix. 45. vatn-fiskr, m. a fresh-water fish, Fs. 165. vatn-gangr, m. a swelling of water, Vápn. 24. vatn-horn, n. a water-horn, as church inventory, Vm. 110. vatn-kakki, a, m. = trapiza, q. v.; gékk hann til vatnkakka ok þó sér, Korm. 24. vatn-karl, m. a jug, Stj. 153, D. I. i. 597, Dipl. v. 18; vatnkarlar fjórir, könnur sextán, iii. 4, Rb. (of the zodiacal Aquarius). vatn-kálfr, m. dropsy; þá sótt er heitir idropicus, þat köllu vér vatnkálf, Hom. 25, 150; hann er góðr við vatnkálfi, Hb. 544. 39. vatn-ker, vatn-kerald, vatn-ketill, n. a water-jug …, Grág. ii. 397, Stj. 311, Nj. 134, Ísl. ii. 410, Fms. xi. 34, Ám. 29, Vm. 35. vatn-lauss, adj. = vatnslauss, Al. 172, Stj. 194. vatn-legill, m. a water-jug, Stj. 128. vatn-leysi, n. lack of water, Al. 173. vatn-ormr, m. a water-serpent, Al. 168; Hercules sigraði v. (the Hydra), MS. 732. 17: a pr. name, Mork. vatn-rás, f. = vatnsrás, Stj. 58, 642. Ísl. ii. 92. vatn-skjóla, u, f. a water-skeel, pail, D. I. i. 225. vatn-staðr, m. a water-place, 655 xxviii. 2. vatn-torf, n. soaked turf, Ísl. ii. 412. vatn-trumba, u, f. a water-pipe, Hom. 131. vatn-veita, u, f. = vatnsveita, a drain, water-trench, Grág. ii. 289, Stj. 498. vatn-viðri, n. = vátviðri, Bs. i. 245. vatn-vígsla, u, f. the consecrating streams and wells, of bishop Gudmund, Bs. i. vatn-ærinn, adj. plentiful as water, abundant; vatnærin hef ek vitni, Sighvat.

m. the god Thor.

* * *

m., gen. Þórs, dat. and acc. Þór, but Þóri dat., Bragi; in Runic inscriptions spelt Þur; [A. S. þunor; Engl. thunder; North. E. thunner; Dutch donder; O. H. G. donar; Germ. donner; Hel. thunar; Dan. Tor, in tor-den; cp. Lat. tŏno and tonitrus; the word Þór-r is therefore formed by absorption of the middle n, and contraction of an older dissyllabic Þonor into one syllable, and is a purely Scandinavian form; hence in A. S. charters or diplomas it is a sure sign of forgery when names compd with þur- appear in deeds pretending to be of a time earlier than the Danish invasion in the 9th century; although in later times they abound; the Engl. Thurs-day is a later form, in which the phonetic rule of the Scandin. tongue has been followed; perh. it is a North. E. form. There is a short essay by Jacob Grimm on the etymology of this word.]

A. The god Thor, the god of thunder, keeper of the hammer, the ever-fighting slayer of trolls and destroyer of evil spirits, the friend of mankind, the defender of the earth, the heavens, and the gods, for without Thor and his hammer the earth would become the helpless prey of the giants. He was the consecrator, the hammer being the cross or holy sign of the ancient heathen, hence the expressive phrase on a heathen Danish Runic stone, Þurr vigi þassi runar, ‘Thor, consecrate these Runes!’ Rafn 193. Thor was the son of mother Earth; blunt, hot-tempered, without fraud or guile, of few words and ready stroke,—such was Thor, the favourite deity of the ancients. The finest legends of the Edda, - and the best lays (the lays of Hymir, Thrym, and Harbard) refer to Thor, see the Edda passim, Eb. the first chapters—hann varðveitti þar í eyinni Þórs-hof, ok var mikill vin Þórs, … hann gékk til fréttar við Þór ástvin sinn …, Eb.; Helgi var blandinn í trú, hann trúði á Krist, en hét á Þór til sjófara ok harðræða, Landn. 206. For a head of Thor carved on the high-seat pillars, see Eb., Fbr.: or on a talisman, Fs. 97.

B. COMPDS OF PROPER NAMES.—The name of Thor has always been thought to sound well, and is much used in pr. names; (hann átti) son er Steinn hét, þann svein gaf Þórólfr Þór vin símim ok kallaði Þorstein, Eb.; uncompd only in the form Þórir of a man, Þóra of a woman, but common in compds, where in mod. usage the vowel is sounded long before a vowel, and before b and d, elsewhere short, but in old times it was no doubt ó throughout;—thus, as a prefix, Þór-álfr, Þórólfr, Þórarr, Þór-arinn, Þór-oddr, Þór-haddr, Þór-halli, Þór-hallr; but Þor-bergr, Þor-björn, Þor-brandr, Þor-finnr, Þor-gautr, Þor-geirr, Þor-gestr (Þórgestlingar, the family of Th., Eb.), Þor-grímr, Þor-gils, Þor-gnýr, Þor-kell (qs. Þorketill), Þor-lákr (sounded Þollákr, Bs. i. 356, l. 18, and so in mod. usage), Þor-leifr, Þor-leikr, Þor-ljótr, Þor-móðr, Þor-mundr (Dan. Runic stone), Þor-steinn (sounded Þosteinn, and often, spelt so in later vellums), Þor-valdr, Þor-varðr, Þór-viðr; of women, Þór-ey, Þór-arna, Þor-finna, Þor-gríma, Þor-gunna, Þór-halla, Þór-hildr, Þór-unn, Þór-dís, Þor-gerðr, Þor-björg, Þor-katla, Þór-ný, Þor-veig, Þór-vör. 2. as a suffix. -Þórr, -Þóra, -dórr, -dóra; Arn-órr, qs. Arn-þórr and Arn-óra, Stein-dórr, Hall-dórr and Hall-dóra, Berg-þórr and Berg-þóra, Ey-þórr and Ey-þóra, Haf-þórr. Of all these names, three demand special mention, viz. Þórðr, being a contr. qs. Þór-røðr (as Bárðr = Bár-röðr), the old uncontr. form occurs in poems of the 10th century, e. g. Þórröðr vinon óra, Korm. 132; so Sighvat calls his own father Þórröðr (dissyll.). yet he makes it rhyme as if contracted (Þorröðr er var forðum), so Þ orðr sk orðu, Bjarn. (in a verse): the other name is Þuríðr, a fem. name, a weakened form for Þóríðr, Íb. 363 (qs. Þór-ríðr, like Sig-ríðr); thirdly, Þyri, a fem. name, weakened from Þór-vé, or still older Þór-veig, mod. Dan. Thyra, see Landn. 309; Þurvi (Þiurvi), gen. Þurviar, on Runic stones.

II. in local names, Þórs-mörk, Þórs-nes, Þórs-á, Landn., Eb.; whence Þórs-nes-ingar, the men from Th., Landn.; and Þórs-ness-lönd, -þing, Eb., Landn., Korm.: Þórsnesinga-goðord, Landn., Eb., Sturl.: Þórs-engi, n., i. e. Þórs-vengi, = Thaasinge in Fünen, Denmark.

C. COMPDS: Þórsdagr, Þórshani, Þórshof.